Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and varieties of. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Simply put, home solar power systems work by converting the suns electromagnetic energy into either solar thermal energy or solar electricity. Jai singh arya, aadesh kumar arya and sanjev aggarwal 12 were working on recent trends in solar energy generation and concluded that solar power plant may be installed in such a way so these may. Solar electric system design, operation and installation an overview for builders in the pacific northwest october 2009. Rakhonde department of electrical engineering, dess coet, dhamangaon rly department of electrical engineering, dess coet, dhamangaon rly abstract now a days electricity is most needed facility for the human being.
Solar power plant simple english wikipedia, the free. As far back as the 5th century, humans were constructing homes and buildings to maximize use of energy from the sun. The best practices for mixing different solar panels how to squeeze more solar power by using different solar panels and breaking the best practices. In this page we are going to explain what an inverter is, what is its function, what it is made of, what its principle of operation and what are the main types of inverters used in the most common situations and needs. Inverters inverters are used in pv systems to convert direct current dc power from batteries or pv arrays into alternating current ac power. Working and benefits of solar power plant what is solar power plant. Solar pool heating hot water for pools solar water heating swh or solar thermal hot water for domestic use dhw all courtesy of doenrel. We first explore solar powers economic reliability, which we define as the ability of an energy source to be selfsustaining and affordable without government mandates or subsidies.
Metrics for evaluating the accuracy of solar power. Unfortunately, though solar energy itself is free, the high cost of its collection, conversion, and storage still limits its exploitation in many places. For this reason it is useful to characterize light radiation by parameters associated with waves. Solar energy has been looked upon as a serious source of energy for many years because of the vast amounts of energy that are made freely available, if harnessed by modern technology. Solar heating systems create solar thermal energy using solar collectors. The house remains connected to the electric utility at all times, so any power needed above what the solar system can produce. Solar electric system design, operation and installation. A photovoltaic system, also pv system or solar power system, is a power system designed to. All waves have a certain distance between peaks called the wavelength figure 11. Factors influencing adoption of solar technology in. Roofs that face east or west may also be acceptable. Inverters solar panel installation cedar rapids, backup. How does an inverter work welcome to this informative page.
Chapter 2, solar power system installation see step by step instructions to position, assemble, mount, and commission the solar power system and to service, maintain and operate. There are two main types of solar power systems, namely, solar. Backup of how to calculate your solar power requirements. It reveals you the reasons why photovoltaic solar panels are continuing to gain worldwide popularity and are becoming more important as a source of renewable energy. Summary as shown above different types of solar panels have different power outputs due to manufacturing. Light consists of little parcels or packets of energy called photons. The potential of solar electricity and its contribution to.
The general principles by which all solar cells work are. Cover solar module during installation to reduce shock hazard keep foreign. As electricity plays a key role in our day to day life we need it in abundance, as sunlight is clean, and is available for free solar power is created from it. Grid power supply is provided to support the loads and. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, utsho a arefin and others published solar power as renewable energy for home systems in bangladesh find. Doing so would cut maintenance costs, he said, and could increase the amount of solar energy generated be needed by 2050 which could in theory generate 6,700gw annually, according solar energy lecture notes pdf the solar system is the gravitationally bound system of the sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or. Pv energy is a very effective solution for renewable energy. Solar panels are made from different types of material to form the pn junction where some have different properties where the performance varies greatly in the sun. Olmedilla was built with conventional solar panels, which are made with silicon. Modern inverters use solidstate designs and microprocessor. Solar panels or modules are designed to supply electric power at a certain voltage say 12v, but the current they produce is directly dependent on the incident light. If power is required outside daylight hours, then batteries are generally needed.
In the same way that a bigger battery will provide more power for longer, a larger solar panel will collect. Introduction to unit 1 introduction to power plants power plants structure 1. Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity. This section also provides a quick start guide to assembling the system. A solar panel consists of a set of solar cells connected in series andor in parallel to produce a desired voltage and current. Solar energy system history of solar energy electrical4u. Hybrid power generation system using wind energy and solar energy ashish s. Inverters are used in pv systems to produce ac power from a dc source, such as a pv array or batteries. In a solar panel there are modules of 60 72 solar cells connected in series. Solar power system theory and maintenance training in london uk, dubai united arab emirates, kuala lumpur malaysia, istanbul turkey, france paris. Jun 23, 2009 just remember any solar tracking mounting device must be built to withstand the local weather conditions as a solar panel mount coming to earth in a wild storm hurts both financially and personally. Solar energy is the energy that is available from the sun in abundance.
The theory of solar cells explains the physical processes by which light is converted into electrical power when striking a suitable semiconductor device. As electricity plays a key role in our day to day life we need it in abundance, as sunlight is clean, and is. Pv system operations and maintenance fundamentals 7 introduction for most of its history, the u. A solar power plant is basically a system that supplies electricity to wide areas. Though a variety of technologies have been developed to take advantage of solar energy in recent years, solar power accounts for less than one percent of electricity use in the zimbabwe. As of now it is clear that photovoltaic modules produce dc electricity. The biggest pv power plant so far the olmedilla photovoltaic pv park uses 162,000 flat solar photovoltaic panels to deliver 60 mw of electricity on a sunny day. This theory was reconfirmed with numerical simulations using per second solar flux. History of development of solar photovoltaic technology in nepal 5 4.
A guide to theory and measurement a solar cell is a device that converts light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. We first explore solar power s economic reliability, which we define as the ability of an energy source to be selfsustaining and affordable without government mandates or subsidies. This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of pv solar cells and. Central tower solar thermal system the central tower solar thermal system takes advantage of numerous heliostats to reflect sunlight onto the surface of the hightemperature heat absorber on the top of the center tower. Choosing the right solar panel for your needs is like choosing a battery. Solar photovoltaic pv systems an overview figure 1. The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Which one of these approaches you are going to use depends on the solar panel system type, size, and. Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the timing of the day and geographic location. Solar power demystified free book solar panel secrets exposed. These batteries are high amphours, seep cycle batteries. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficien. Department of energy to be presented at 3rd international workshop on integration of solar power into power systems. The beginners guide to solar power, energy independence and lower bills introduces you to the world of solar electric panels and systems.
Metrics for evaluating the accuracy of solar power forecasting preprint j. Solar energy is abundantly available and has been utilized since long both as electricity and as a source of heat. Pdf solar energy and photovoltaic systems researchgate. Solar panel secrets exposed adapting solar energy to. Space based solar power as an opportunity for strategic. This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of pv solar cells and systems. Solar energy is the light and radiant heat from the sun that control earths climate and weather and protract life.
Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Albert einstein wins the nobel prize for his theories 1904 research and techni cal paper. Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics pv, indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. They are also commonly called photovoltaic cells after this phenomenon, and also to differentiate them from solar thermal devices. The pcu is of 17kva capacity with three phase ac output.
Today,pv systems are mainly used to generate electricity in areas that are a long way from electric power lines. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the. Solar pv power generation system detailed project report confidential february 2014 6 the desired string configuration as per the design parameters of the pcu. Solar cells begin to power navigation warning lights and horns on many. A solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics pv, or indirectly using concentrated solar power csp. The first invertersconverters used motorgenerator sets, but were costly, heavy and inefficient. Pdf solar power as renewable energy for home systems in.
The potential for solar energy is enormous, since about 200,000 times the worlds total daily electricgenerating capacity is received by earth every day in the form of solar energy. Factors influencing adoption of solar technology in lakipia. Chapter 17 solar energy renewable technologies represent an important opportunity, but not a panacea for the u. Engineers and solar cell manufacturers have already determined that solar cells are most efficient when placed exactly perpendicular to the suns rays. However, the power output from the pv system relies on climatic factors such as the solar radiation, the ambient tem perature, wind speed and the state of the pv module cell material, ageing. The heat generated by the solar collectors is used for solar water heating, solar space heating. It is a renewable source of energy and originates with the thermonuclear process that transfers about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium per second. The odeillo solar furnace, located in odeillo, france was constructed.
Solar panels the theory and uses electronics forum. Keep unauthorized personnel 14 avoid shadowing cells in order to prevent solar module hot spots andor reduction in power. Supplied with rtgs, the viking landers operated on mars for four and six years, respectively. Sep 04, 2001 a residential pv power system enables a homeowner to generate some or all of their daily electrical energy demand on their own roof, exchanging daytime excess power for future energy needs i. Different cell types the three main types of solar panels produced for the world. From solar ovens to solar panels, solar energy has been harnessed by humans since the beginning of human history. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Each one of these approaches can be tailored to your case. Concentrated solar power csp electricity produced by steam. The fluid medium water, fused salt or air is heated, thus directly or indirectly generate. When photons shine on a solar cell, they are absorbed by the cell. Albert einstein wins the nobel prize for his theories 1904 research and techni cal paper explaining the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaics converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
Before the industrial revolution, the main source of energy was wood and biomass, which is a secondary form of solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Efficiency improvements the use of solar power for home, office, barn, etc. If the photons have enough energy they cause the cell to release electrons. It covers the topics that are treated in the three lectures on photovoltaics pv that are taught at the delft. The modules and system are ul listed to standard 1703. The secrets to connecting different solar panels in series or parallel the definitive guide in this article we show you. Fundamentals, technology and systems and hope that it will be a useful source that helps our readers to study the different topics of solar energy. As the demand for solar electric systems grows, progressive builders are adding solar.
These efforts have helped to advance the state of the art for pv systems worldwide. Hybrid power generation system using wind energy and solar. But, for most of the times we require ac power and, hence, solar power system consists of an inverter too. Light, which is pure energy, enters a pv cell and imparts enough energy to some electrons negatively charged atomic particles to free them. Solar power is energy from the sun and without its presence all life on earth would end. As an example, a due west facing rooftop solar pv system, tilted at 20 degrees in salem, oregon, will produce about 88 percent as much power as one pointing true south at the. The system has been load tested by sharp to 50 psf. Less theory more practice offers three general approaches for system sizing, depending on the accuracy and the size of solar system business sizing, basic sizing, and advanced sizing. By comparison, the 1997 mars pathfinder spacecraft, which used only solar and battery power, operated only three months. A single solar cell has an output voltage of about 0. For most locations, the cost of a good wind generator is not justi. This chapter will therefore focus on the use of solar panels for generating electricity.